Suchergebnisse

A capacidade cognitiva e a motivação são entendidas como variáveis psicológicas determinantes da aprendizagem e do rendimento académico. Dentro do paradigma cognitivista ou sócio-cognitivista, os modelos teóricos procuram enfatizar os processos psicológicos internos na explicação da conduta académica motivada. As metas de realização surgem, neste enquadramento teórico, como um dos factores mais valorizados na explicação do rendimento académico dos alunos. Neste trabalho procuramos reflectir sobre a tipologia das metas e o seu papel na predição do sucesso académico, alertando para o papel decisivo dos contextos familiar e escolar. Analisando alguns estudos nacionais e internacionais, importa que a conceptualização e a avaliação das metas académicas tomem mais em consideração os contextos de ensino e aprendizagem, assim como os vários agentes educativos que intervêm nesses contextos.

The purpose of this article is to characterize and contribute to the debate on the democratization of Portuguese higher education, both in terms of access and the performance of students enrolled in a public university. The analyses concern the sociodemographic characteristics and schooling trajectory of the 2,697 students enrolled for the first time in the University of Minho in the academic year 2015/16. The relationships between such characteristics and the choice of program, expectations regarding higher education, the criteria of admission, and the association with their permanence and performance in the first year of studies are explored as well. Several statistical tests were applied, such as those based on multivariate analysis of variance, chi-squared test for the independence between variables, or the tStudent test for the comparison of means of two independent samples. Results suggest that student's gender, socio-cultural background and schooling trajectory are related to the choice of the programe, university entrance score and the entrance option. The multivariate analysis of variance of student's grade point average at the end of the first year suggests the influence of the interaction between the fixed term of scientific-disciplinary area of the program attended and the program option of access to higher education. We did not find any statistically significant association between socio-cultural background and permanence in higher education; i.e, the socio-cultural origin of the students does not seem to influence the decision to abandon, suspend or transfer program, at least during their first year of studies. Our findings suggest student's resilience and/or institutional action meaning a step further on the path for social equity in the Portuguese higher education. ; O artigo tem o propósito de caracterizar e contribuir para o debate sobre a democratização do Ensino Superior português, quer no que se refere ao acesso como ao desempenho dos estudantes matriculados numa universidade pública. Analisam-se características sociodemográficas e percurso escolar dos 2697 alunos inscritos pela 1ªvez no 1ºano no ano letivo 2015/16 e a sua associação à escolha do curso, às expectativas sobre o ensino superior, condições de ingresso, bem como a associação com o desempenho ao longo do 1º ano. Os principais resultados indicam que o sexo, a origem socio-cultural das famílias e o percurso escolar estão associados à escolha do curso, à nota de candidatura e à opção de entrada. A análise de variância multivariada da classificação no final do 1º ano sugere que, ao nível de significância de 5%, o termo fixo de área científico-disciplinar e os termos de interacção entre opção do curso e área científica-disciplinar são estatisticamente diferentes de zero. Não foi encontrada associação estatisticamente significativa de origem socio-cultural com persistência no ensino superior. A origem dos estudantes parece não influenciar a decisão de abandonar, suspender ou transferir-se de curso, pelo menos durante o 1º ano. Os resultados associados ao percurso escolar sugerem a resiliência e/ou a acção institucional na promoção da equidade no ensino superior. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The purpose of this article is to characterize and contribute to the debate on the democratization of Portuguese higher education, both in terms of access and the performance of students enrolled in a public university. The analyses concern the sociodemographic characteristics and schooling trajectory of the 2,697 students enrolled for the first time in the University of Minho in the academic year 2015/16. The relationships between such characteristics and the choice of program, expectations regarding higher education, the criteria of admission, and the association with their permanence and performance in the first year of studies are explored as well. Several statistical tests were applied, such as those based on multivariate analysis of variance, chi-squared test for the independence between variables, or the t-Student test for the comparison of means of two independent samples. Results suggest that student's gender, socio-cultural background and schooling trajectory are related to the choice of the programe, university entrance score and the entrance option. The multivariate analysis of variance of student's grade point average at the end of the first year suggests the influence of the interaction between the fixed term of scientific-disciplinary area of the program attended and the program option of access to higher education. We did not find any statistically significant association between socio-cultural background and permanence in higher education; i.e, the socio-cultural origin of the students does not seem to influence the decision to abandon, suspend or transfer program, at least during their first year of studies. Our findings suggest student's resilience and/or institutional action meaning a step further on the path for social equity in the Portuguese higher education.

© 2021 by the authors. ; The interactions between the higher education sector and society and industry have been attracting increased attention in terms of ways to develop social innovation solutions to societal problems. Despite calls from politicians and the existence of some guidelines, we know little about how higher education could incorporate social innovation activities into its structure and missions. This study examines some practice experiences in two southern European public universities in Portugal and Spain. We show that the third mission of universities, which includes social innovation, is both linked to the first two missions of teaching and research, depending on the university's historical and social context. The high dependence of higher education institutions on economic returns increases the importance of political action to drive the development of social innovation activities. This conditioning factor seems to be intrinsic to some of the barriers that have been identified, such as lack of legitimization and recognition of social innovation practices at the formal governmental level. ; This research was funded in part by the National R&D Program of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, grant number RTI2018-101722-B-I00 Spanish Universities Involvement in Social Innovation Activities (SUISIA). The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily the views of that organization. This work also received funding from the CIEd—Research Centre on Education, Institute of Education, University of Minho, project UIDB/01661/2020, through national FCT/MCTES-PT funds.

The interactions between the higher education sector and society and industry have been attracting increased attention in terms of ways to develop social innovation solutions to societal problems. Despite calls from politicians and the existence of some guidelines, we know little about how higher education could incorporate social innovation activities into its structure and missions. This study examines some practice experiences in two southern European public universities in Portugal and Spain. We show that the third mission of universities, which includes social innovation, is both linked to the first two missions of teaching and research, depending on the university's historical and social context. The high dependence of higher education institutions on economic returns increases the importance of political action to drive the development of social innovation activities. This conditioning factor seems to be intrinsic to some of the barriers that have been identified, such as lack of legitimization and recognition of social innovation practices at the formal governmental level. ; This research was funded in part by the National R&D Program of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, grant number RTI2018-101722-B-I00 Spanish Universities Involvement in Social Innovation Activities (SUISIA). This work also received funding from the CIEd—Research Centre on Education, Institute of Education, University of Minho, project UIDB/01661/2020, through national FCT/MCTES-PT ...

University dropout is a phenomenon that is a concern in many countries all over the world. However, although there are studies in which the direct relationship of the personal and contextual variables is observed individually to predict dropout, there is little research to know whether any of these variables mediate each other in a more dynamic and complex model. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the extent to which the intention to drop out of university courses is predicted by (i) satisfaction and expectations with the course, (ii) engagement with the course, and (iii) by the use of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) strategies. Eight hundred and seventy-seven students from two Spanish universities completed the CARE questionnaire. Path analyses were performed using Mplus 8.3. The data obtained indicate that the intention to drop out is directly and significantly explained by students´ engagement (in 17.8%) and indirectly explained by the use of SRL strategies through engagement. Changes in engagement and in the use of SRL strategies were seen to be associated with satisfaction. Finally, the effect of satisfaction and the use of SRL strategies explained a proportion of students' engagement (53.6%). It is important for research or interventions focused on students' intention to drop out to understand that there are multiple variables that both directly and indirectly influence those intentions. ; This research was funded by the Severo Ochoa Program of the Government of the Principality of Asturias, grant number BP20-116.

Academic expectations are an important variable in the explana-tion of adaptation and academic success in higher education. This paper uses latent profile analysis as a person-centered statistical approach to clas-sify students into groups of similar typesof expectations for higher educa-tion, at the beginning of the first year in university. Participants were 2,478 first-year Portuguese students. Based on the scores of seven dimensions of expectations, we identified six classes of students. Most students (84%) presented moderate levels of expectations, while 8% and 4%, respectively, reported very high and low expectations. One class represented a group of students (4%) with high expectations for the quality of education and for political engagement and citizenship and lower expectations for social in-teraction and attending to social pressures. Male and older students showed more positive expectations. Students from privileged family back-grounds are more likely to present higher expectations for political en-gagement and citizenship experiences, and lower expectations for social in-teraction and leisure and attending to social pressures.

University program dropout is a problem that has important consequences not only for the student that leaves but also for the institution in which the withdrawal occurs. Therefore, higher education institutions must study the problem in greater depth to establish appropriate prevention measures in the future. However, most research papers currently focus primarily on the characteristics of students who leave university, rather than on those who choose to pursue alternative courses of study and therefore fail to take into account the different kinds of abandonment. The aim of this paper is to identify the different types of dropout to define their characteristics and propose some recommendations. Thus, an ex post facto study was carried out on a sample of 1,311 freshmen from a university in the north of Spain using data gathered using an ad-hoc designed questionnaire, applied by telephone or an online survey, and completed with data available in the university data warehouse. A descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the sample and identify five different groups, including 1. Students persisting in their initiated degree 2. Students who change of program (within the same university) 3. Students transferring to a different university 4. Students enrolling in non-higher- education studies 5. Students that quit studying. Also, data mining techniques (decision trees) were applied to classify the cases and generate predictive models to aid in the design of differentiated intervention strategies for each of the corresponding groups. ; Alfaguia Project was funded by the European Union (DCIALA/ 2010/94). Additionally, our research team is granted by the European Regional Development Funds (The European Union and Principality of Asturias) in the frame of the Science, Technology and Innovation Plan (GROUPIN14-100 and GROUPIN14-053). Also, Ph.D. students were granted: ME was granted by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiviness (BES-2015-072470), AC recibe support of Asturias Regional ...

This work is funded by CIEd – Research Centre on Education, projects UID/CED/1661/2013 and UID/CED/1661/2016, Institute of Education, University of Minho, through national funds of FCT/MCTES-PT. Joana R. Casanova received funding from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) as a Doctoral Grant, under grant agreement number SFRH/BD/117902/2016. Antonio Cervero Fernández-Castañón received funding from the Severo Ochoa Program of the Government of the Princedom of Asturias as a Doctoral Grant, under grant agreement number BP16014.

Based on a multidimensional definition of academic expectations (AEs), we examine students' AE component scores across countries and genders. Two samples (343 Portuguese and 358 Spanish students) completed the Academic Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ) six months after enrolling in their universities. Factorial invariance was ensured across countries and genders, allowing us to study AEs using the APQ for both genders and in both countries. No significant differences in factor means were found between countries, indicating that AEs are not an obstacle to student mobility. Gender differences were found in some AE factor means, Training for employment, Personal and social development, Student mobility, Political engagement and citizenship, and Social pressure, with males exhibiting higher scores. Because these differences are not supported by most literature in this domain, further studies are needed to clarify the causes of women's lower expectations and, therefore, risk of adaptation difficulties.

Alfaguia Project was funded by the European Union (DCI-ALA/2010/94). Additionally, our research team is granted by the European Regional Development Funds (The European Union and Principality of Asturias) in the frame of the Science, Technology and Innovation Plan (GROUPIN14-100 and GROUPIN14-053). Also, Ph.D. students were granted: ME was granted by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiviness (BES-2015-072470), AC recibe support of Asturias Regional Department of Education and Culture (BP16014)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ; You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material. ; Under the following terms: 1) Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. 2) NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. 3) No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. ; "Desde una concepción multidimensional de las expectativas, este artículo pretende analizar la validez y precisión psicométrica de una escala para su medida en los estudiantes universitarios de primer año. La muestra (N = 759) estaba compuesta por alumnado de primer año, de diversas titulaciones académicas de la Universidad de Vigo-Campus de Ourense y de la Universidad de Minho. El valor de la Mdn de edad fue de 19, siendo sólo el 5.3% mayor de 23 años. A los participantes se les aplicó un conjunto de 56 ítems agrupados en siete dimensiones diferentes de expectativas. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio, se obtuvieron con el LISREL. Se garantizó la validez factorial, tanto convergente como discriminante de los factores. Ésta junto con su fiabilidad sugieren que el Cuestionario de Percepciones Académicas quedaría finalmente con 42 ítems distribuidos en siete dimensiones de expectativas: Formación para el empleo/carrera, Desarrollo personal y social, Movilidad estudiantil, Implicación política/ciudadanía, Presión social, Calidad de formación e Interacción social. Se comprobó la equivalencia del modelo de medida del instrumento en los dos idiomas y en dos grupos resultantes de la bipartición aleatoria de la muestra. Los resultados de la validez estructural de este estudio avalan la utilización del cuestionario para la medida de las expectativas de los estudiantes que inician por primera vez sus estudios en la Enseñanza Superior." ; "This paper aims to test the psychometric validity and reliability of a measure of first-year university students' expectations, based on a multidimensional conception of expectations. The sample consisted of 759 first-year students, attending various academic degrees at the Universities of Vigo - Ourense and University of Minho. The value Mdn age was 19, with only 5.3% with ages above 23 years. Participants answered a set of 56 items based on seven different dimensions of expectations. Results of confirmatory factor analysis, were carried out with LISREL. Factorial validity, and factors' convergent and discnmmant validity were assured. These results, along with evidences reliability, suggest that the Academic Perceptions Questionnaire presents a final structure composed of seven expectation dimensions, including 42 items: Training for employment/career, Personal and social development, Student mobility, Political and citi%enship involvement, Social pressure, Quality of education, and Social interaction. The equivalence of measurement model in the two languages and in two groups randomly derived from the full sample was also verified. The results of this structural validity study support the assessment of the expectations of first-year students in Higher Education with the questionnaire."